Effect of total replacement of fish oil with tallow and emulsifier in diet on growth, feed utilization, and immunity of olive flounder ( <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i> )

The supplementary effects of an emulsifier mixture (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and distilled monoglycerides) were investigated on feed utilization, growth performance, immunity olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, replacing fish oil with beef tallow. A containing diet was considered as positive control (PC) a tallow instead negative (TW). Two other diets (EM01 EM02) prepared by adding 0.01 0.02% the into TW diet. After 8 weeks feeding trial, performance utilization significantly higher in fed EM01, EM02, or PC compared to those Dry matter digestibility EM01 EM02 than comparable Lipid Liver EPA DHA levels lower, oleic acid level group. Significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase triglyceride observed Dietary supplemented restored reduced flounder oil. However, optimum inclusion should be elucidated future studies.